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Top 10 List of Week 01
- Intellectual Property Rights
There are essentially four types of intellectual property rights relevant to software: patents, copyrights, trade secrets and trademarks. Each affords a different type of legal protection. Patents, copyrights and trade secrets can be used to protect the technology itself. Trademarks do not protect technology, but the names or symbols used to distinguish a product in the marketplace.
- User Operating System Interface
There are two fundamental approaches for users to interface with the operating system. One technique is to provide a command-line interface or command interpreter that allows users to directly enter commands that are to be performed by the operating system. The second approach allows the user to interface with the operating system via a graphical user interface or GUI.
- System Call in OS
A system call is a mechanism that provides the interface between a process and the operating system. It is a programmatic method in which a computer program requests a service from the kernel of the OS.
- System Programs in OS
According to Computer Hierarchy, one which comes at last is Hardware. Then it is Operating System, System Programs, and finally Application Programs. Program Development and Execution can be done conveniently in System Programs. Some of System Programs are simply user interfaces, others are complex. It traditionally lies between user interface and system calls.
- Operating System Design & Implementation
Operating system by itself does not provide any function but it provides an atmosphere in which different applications and programs can do useful work. There are many problems that can occur while designing and implementing an operating system. These are covered in operating system design and implementation.
- Operating System Structures
Since the operating system is such a complex structure, it should be created with utmost care so it can be used and modified easily. An easy way to do this is to create the operating system in parts. Each of these parts should be well defined with clear inputs, outputs and functions.
- Operating System Virtualization
It is also called OS-level virtualization is a type of virtualization technology which work on OS layer. Here the kernel of an OS allows more than one isolated user-space instances to exist. Such instances are called containers/software containers or virtualization engines.
- What is a Virtual Machine(VM)?
A Virtual Machine (VM) is a compute resource that uses software instead of a physical computer to run programs and deploy apps. One or more virtual “guest” machines run on a physical “host” machine. Each virtual machine runs its own operating system and functions separately from the other VMs, even when they are all running on the same host.
- What is Hypervisor?
A hypervisor is a crucial piece of software that makes virtualization possible. It abstracts guest machines and the operating system they run on, from the actual hardware. Hypervisors create a virtualization layer that separates CPU / Processors, RAM and other physical resources from the virtual machines you create. The machine we install a hypervisor on is called a host machine, versus guest virtual machines that run on top of them.
- What is Virtual Memory?
Virtual memory is a memory management technique where secondary memory can be used as if it were a part of the main memory. Virtual memory is a very common technique used in the operating systems (OS) of computers.